Endobronchial lung biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure that involves obtaining a biopsy sample from the airway lining or endobronchial lesions using a bronchoscope. It is performed to diagnose and assess abnormalities within the bronchial tree, such as tumors, polyps, or inflammatory conditions.

Here's an overview of the process of endobronchial lung biopsy:

1. Preparation: Prior to the procedure, the patient may receive local anesthesia to numb the throat and reduce discomfort. Conscious sedation or general anesthesia may also be administered to help the patient relax or perform more extensive interventions.

2. Insertion of the bronchoscope: The bronchoscope, a flexible tube with a light and camera at its tip, is inserted through the nose or mouth and guided into the airways. It is carefully advanced to the site of the suspected abnormality or lesion.

3. Visualization and target identification: The bronchoscope provides direct visualization of the bronchial tree and allows the bronchoscopist to identify the target site for biopsy. This may include abnormal areas, suspicious lesions, or regions of interest seen during the examination.

4. Biopsy: Different techniques can be employed to obtain the biopsy sample during endobronchial lung biopsy. These techniques include forceps biopsy, where small tissue samples are taken using specialized instruments passed through the bronchoscope. Additionally, tools such as brushes, needles, or biopsy forceps can be used to collect cells or tissue from the bronchial lining or endobronchial lesions.

5. Specimen collection and processing: The collected biopsy samples are sent to a pathology laboratory for processing and analysis. The samples are stained and examined under a microscope by a pathologist who specializes in analyzing lung tissue. The pathologist evaluates the samples to determine the nature of the tissue, identify any abnormalities, and establish a diagnosis.

6. Post-procedure care: After the procedure, the patient is monitored for any immediate complications, such as bleeding or respiratory distress. The patient may experience a sore throat, cough, or mild bleeding, which typically resolve within a short time. Recovery time is generally minimal, and patients can often resume normal activities shortly after the procedure.